Psychology

  Definition of Play Therapy Play therapy is a therapeutic approach primarily used with children, although it can also be effective with adolescents and sometimes adults. It utilizes play and various forms of creative expression (e.g., toys, art, games) to help individuals communicate, express their feelings, thoughts, and experiences, and explore their problems or challenges. The premise of play therapy is that play is a natural way for children to communicate and make sense of their world. Through play, individuals can project their internal experiences and emotions into the play materials, enabling therapists to gain insights into their psychological and emotional state. The therapist observes and interacts with the individual during play, facilitating a safe and supportive environment for the expression of emotions and the resolution of conflicts. Play therapy aims to address a range of issues such as behavioral problems, emotional difficulties, trauma, social skills defi...

  Definition of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a structured and evidence-based program developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn in the 1970s. It combines mindfulness meditation, body awareness, and gentle yoga to help individuals manage stress, pain, anxiety, and other psychological symptoms effectively. The primary aim of MBSR is to cultivate mindfulness, which involves paying non-judgmental attention to present-moment experiences, including thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations, and the surrounding environment. By fostering this awareness and acceptance of the present moment, individuals can respond to stressors with greater clarity, calmness, and resilience. MBSR programs typically run over eight weeks and involve weekly group sessions where participants learn and practice various mindfulness techniques. These techniques include guided meditations, body scans, mindful yoga, and awareness practices. Participants are encouraged to engage...